Quickly distinguish the differences between lightning, USB4 and full-function ports

I. Basic Knowledge of Type-C Interface

The Type-C interface, resembling an oval-shaped small mouth, is essentially a physical socket. Just like the sockets in the home can accommodate various types of appliances with different functions, the specific functions of the Type-C interface depend on the underlying circuit protocol. The Type-C interface can be regarded as a "universal socket", but the key to determining its performance lies in the underlying protocol, such as USB 2.0, USB4, Thunderbolt 4, etc.

II. Differences between Thunderbolt, USB4, and Full-Function Port

Thunderbolt Port: The "dominant boss" in the interface world

Identification: The Thunderbolt port has a lightning symbol  next to it, which is its distinctive feature.

Maximum speed: The Thunderbolt port provides a bandwidth of 40 Gbps (bidirectional), capable of easily connecting high-performance devices such as graphics docking stations and 8K monitors.

Comprehensive functions: With just one cable, the Thunderbolt port can handle charging (up to 240W), data transmission, video output, and even connect up to 4 devices in series (daisy chain technology).

Pure lineage: The Thunderbolt port must use Intel chips, with strict certification, so its price is relatively higher.

USB4: The "commoner substitute" of Thunderbolt

Main selling point: The USB4 interface is relatively cheaper and can also achieve a transmission speed of 40 Gbps, but some "cheap" USB4 versions may only have 20 Gbps or even no video output support.

Hidden pitfalls: When inserting USB4 devices into the Thunderbolt port, the speed may drop, and the minimum power supply for USB4 is only 7.5W, which may not be sufficient for the fast charging requirements of some devices.

Definition ambiguity: The definition of full-function Type-C is not clear. Some manufacturers' "full-function" claims may only support PD fast charging and USB 3.1, with data transmission speed possibly only 10 Gbps or 5 Gbps, and the actual performance may have been "cut down".

Guidelines for avoiding pitfalls: The true full-function Type-C should simultaneously support USB4/Thunderbolt 4, DP video output, and PD 100W fast charging. Users should carefully check the parameters when purchasing to avoid being misled by the "word games" of merchants.

III. How to Spot the "True Identity" of the Interface at a Glance

Look at the label: The Thunderbolt port has a lightning symbol  and the number "4", while USB4 may be labeled with "40" or "20" (corresponding to 40 Gbps/20 Gbps), and ordinary Type-C has no such labels.

Test speed: For tech enthusiasts, they can use tools like CrystalDiskMark to test the speed of hard drives or use DisplayPort testing tools to check the video bandwidth to verify the actual performance of the interface. However, note that the length of the cable may affect the transmission speed.

Check certification: Thunderbolt 4 interfaces must have an Intel certification sticker, while USB4 interfaces should recognize the USB-IF certification. However, be aware that there is a proliferation of counterfeit certifications in China. It is recommended to purchase products from well-known brands to ensure quality.

IV. Future Outlook and User Awakening

Although the Type-C interface has dominated the market due to its convenience, the problem of protocol chaos may become an obstacle to its development. Users should be vigilant and no longer just look at the interface shape, but should pay more attention to core parameters such as protocol, bandwidth, and power supply. When choosing an interface, ordinary users can choose full-function ports that support USB4 to meet daily needs; while professional gamers can choose Thunderbolt 4 interfaces to enjoy the most extreme performance experience.